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Surface area to volume ratio of the particle depends on the size and shape of an object here, the size of the nanoparticle is very small in at least one dimension. The novel properties of nano-objects occur due to the changes in size and scale. Because at the nanoscale, the materials behave differently and they emerge with few novel characters in themselves, such as some of the materials become explosive (for example, aluminum) or their melting point changes (for example, silver and gold) or a new property is revealed (for example, nanosilver possess the antibacterial character and becomes an odor eater). A bulk material has constant physical properties regardless of their size and shape, but at the nanoscale, the size, morphological substructure of the substance, and shape (as well as aspect ratios) are the major driving factors for changing their biological, chemical, and physical properties. Nanoparticles can be served as a strong bridge between the bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures. Greek Nano word used for “dwarf” means one-billionth.

In a particle world, nanoparticles had attracted an immense attraction of the scientific world due to their large surface area to volume ratio and high reactivity with unmatchable properties. Future prospective and challenges in the field commercialization of the nanosilver is also discussed. In this article, we will discuss the synthesis, characterization, and application of the silver nanoparticles. Out of these, we have selected the silver nanoparticles for the studies.

The whole incidence is known as localized surface plasmonic resonance. The main cause behind this phenomenon is attributed to the collective oscillations of the free conductive electrons that are induced by an interaction with electromagnetic field. Nanoparticles of alkali metals and noble metals (copper, silver, platinum, palladium, and gold, etc.) have a broad absorption band in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum of light, because the solutions of these metal nanoparticles show the intense color, which is absent in their bulk counterparts as well as their atomic level.

Day by day augmenting importance of metal nanoparticles in the versatile fields like, catalyst, electronic, magnetic, mechanic, optical optoelectronic, materials for solar cell and fuel cell, medical, bioimaging, cosmetic, ultrafast data communication and optical data storage, etc, is increasing their value.